Difference between revisions of "File Transfer at the U of M"

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==Why You Need an Operating System==
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==Why You Need an Operating System==
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Software outlines a list of specifications, including memory needed and the operating system(s) which it needs to run properly. However, computers that satisfy these specifications can still have several differences in hardware, including the amount of memory available, the processor speed and even the kind of mouse, keyboard and printer you choose to use. At the same time, we can all buy the same boxed software which is mass produced and isn't meant to be modified. The O/S will make sure that the software will be able to communicate with whichever hardware is on your computer. An O/S has two faces; one faces you and applications and the other faces the internal hardware<ref>An Illustrated Guide to Operating Systems http://www.karbosguide.com/hardware/module6c2.htm</ref>. 
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== Types of Operating Systems ==
 
== Types of Operating Systems ==

Revision as of 11:10, 1 December 2009

COMP1260 > Understanding the Internet



Introduction

 

...by students

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Why You Need an Operating System

Types of Operating Systems

Different types of operating systems are designed based on the types of applications to be run and who will be using the computer.

  • Real-time operating system (RTOS) - The RTOS has very little user-interface because the user doesn't need to input much information. Instead, it is designed to perform a few particular tasks. The RTOS must run each task in the same amount of time each time it is run. Used in machinery and household appliance controllers such as a programmable thermostat.
  • Single-user, single task - Designed so one user can do one task at a time. The O/S doesn't have to worry about managing memory or hardware across different applications. A good example is the Palm O/S in Palm handheld computers.
  • Single-user, multi-tasking - A user can run several applications at the same time with each application getting access to the hardware it needs. For example, as you are reading this Wiki, you may also be running a music program or checking Facebook at the same time. This is the most common O/S as it appears on most laptop and desktop computers.
  • Single-user, multi-tasking - A user can run several applications at the same time with each application getting access to the hardware it needs. For example, as you are reading this Wiki, you may also be running a music program or checking Facebook at the same time.
    This is the most common O/S as it appears on most laptop and desktop computers.
  • Multi-user - Several users can access applications at the same time. The O/S manages the computer's resources so each application gets a fair share of the computer resources.

Operating Systems are also grouped by their method of interacting with the user, known as the interface.

  • Command Based - The user must remember several commands and type each command on the keyboard as needed
  • GUI Based - GUI is a graphical user interface which is more familiar and easier to use. The user makes requests using the mouse in a point-and-click style. This is how most systems appear to the user.

Market Share

The retail sales obtained by the following brands or companies contribute to almost all operating systems found on machines today.

  • Windows by Microsoft - 90% of computers
  • Mac by Apple - just over 8% of computers
  • Linux - a collaborative effort, 0.71% of computers

The remainder is made up of several other operating systems or modifications of those listed above such as those found on Sony's Playstation and the Nintendo Wii[1]

These percentages were calculated in October of 2008.

Further Readings

  • How Stuff Works Learn how specific operating systems work, such as Windows Vista. Also find more information on the history and future of operating systems.
  • Computer Hope Important definitions and news from Apple, Microsoft and Linux/Unix

References

  1. ↑ Market Share by Net Applications http://marketshare.hitslink.com/report.aspx?qprid=8


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